We argue that there are four fundamentally different constellations that re-quire different intervention approaches. Two factors shape the setting of a local red tape inter-vention: The experience of local stakeholders with prior local development interventions, including the degree of trust that exists among key local players, and the credibility of the external actor (e.g. a technical assistance project) that is promoting or supporting the red tape intervention. We outline what we regard as the most promising intervention approaches for each of the four constellations. Our argument is based on experience in South Africa, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Vietnam.

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